The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan Summary in Hindi |
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The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan Summary in Hindi
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पाठ का यह भाग शहनाई की उत्पत्ति और इस वाद्य यंत्र को शास्त्रीय मंच पर लाने में उस्ताद बिस्मिल्लाह खान के योगदान पर प्रकाश डालता है।
एक संगीत वाद्ययंत्र पुंगी को सम्राट औरंगजेब ने इसकी अप्रिय ध्वनि के कारण प्रतिबंधित कर दिया था। इसे पेशेवर संगीतकारों के परिवार के एक नाई ने सुधारा था। नाई ने इस वाद्य यंत्र में तब तक कई बदलाव किए जब तक कि यह नरम और मधुर ध्वनियाँ उत्पन्न न कर दे। फिर उन्होंने इसे रॉयल्टी से पहले खेला और अपार सराहना मिली। चूँकि यह पहली बार शाह के कक्षों में एक नाई द्वारा बजाया गया था, इस वाद्य को 'शहनाई' के रूप में जाना जाने लगा।
शहनाई की आवाज को शुभ माना जाने लगा। लेकिन इसका इस्तेमाल मंदिरों और शादियों तक ही सीमित था। यह बिस्मिल्लाह खान ही थे जिन्होंने भारत और विदेशों में इस वाद्य यंत्र को लोकप्रिय बनाया। बिस्मिल्लाह खाँ बनारस घराने के थे। उनका जन्म 21 मार्च 1916 को बिहार के डुमरांव में हुआ था। उनके पिता, दादा और अन्य पूर्वज महान शहनाई वादक थे।
बिस्मिल्लाह खान ने संगीत में अपनी रुचि दिखाना शुरू कर दिया था जब वह सिर्फ पांच साल का था। एक छोटे बच्चे के रूप में वे नियमित रूप से बिहारीजी मंदिर में भोजपुरी 'चैता' गाने के लिए जाते थे। उसने अपने मामा को शहनाई का अभ्यास करते हुए बड़े आकर्षण से देखा। धीरे-धीरे उसे वाद्य यंत्र बजाने का पाठ मिलने लगा और वह दिन भर बैठकर अभ्यास करता रहा। उन्होंने एकांत में अभ्यास करने के लिए गंगा नदी को अपना पसंदीदा स्थान बनाया। 14 साल की उम्र में, वह अपने चाचा के साथ इलाहाबाद संगीत सम्मेलन में गए, जहाँ उन्हें गायन के अंत में बहुत सराहना मिली। 1938 में लखनऊ में ऑल इंडिया रेडियो का उद्घाटन उनके लिए एक बड़ा ब्रेक साबित हुआ। बाद में रेडियो पर उनकी शहनाई अक्सर सुनाई देने लगी।
बिस्मिल्लाह खान ने 15 अगस्त, 1947 को लाल किले से अपनी शहनाई से स्वतंत्र भारत की बधाई दी। उन्होंने कई यादगार प्रदर्शन देते हुए दूर-दूर तक यात्रा की और कई राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार जीते। वह संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में प्रतिष्ठित लिंकन सेंटर हॉल में प्रदर्शन करने वाले पहले भारतीय बने। उन्होंने मॉन्ट्रियल में विश्व प्रदर्शनी, कान कला महोत्सव और ओसाका व्यापार मेले में भी भाग लिया। उन्हें प्रदान किए गए राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कारों में पद्मश्री, पद्म भूषण और पद्म विभूषण शामिल हैं। 2001 में, उन्हें भारत रत्न से सम्मानित किया गया था। भारत का सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान।
बिस्मिल्लाह खाँ अपने देश से बहुत प्यार करता था। जब वे विदेश में थे तो भारत के लिए तरसते रहे। उन्हें डुमरांव और बनारस से बहुत लगाव था। गंगा नदी होने के कारण वह बनारस से दूर नहीं रह सका। उन्हें सेल्युलाइड की दुनिया में भी बड़ी सफलता मिली। उन्होंने दो फिल्मों में अपना संगीत दिया। उनकी रचना 'डीयू का खिलाड़ी है तू गे ए...' एक राष्ट्रव्यापी रिकॉर्ड-ब्रेकर बन गया। लेकिन वह फिल्मी दुनिया के कृत्रिम ग्लैमर के साथ नहीं आ सके और जीवन भर संगीत के सच्चे भक्त बने रहे।
The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan Summary in English
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This part of the text throws light on the origin of the shehnai and the contribution of Ustad Bismillah Khan in bringing this instrument to the classical stage.
Pungi, a musical instrument, was banned by Emperor Aurangzeb because of its unpleasant sound. It was repaired by a hairdresser from a family of professional musicians. The barber made many changes to this instrument until it produced soft and melodious sounds. Then he played it before royalty and got immense appreciation. Since it was first played by a barber in the Shah's chambers, the instrument came to be known as 'Shehnai'.
The sound of the shehnai was considered auspicious. But its use was limited to temples and weddings. It was Bismillah Khan who popularized this musical instrument in India and abroad. Bismillah Khan belonged to the Banaras Gharana. He was born on 21 March 1916 in Dumraon, Bihar. His father, grandfather and other ancestors were great shehnai players.
Bismillah Khan started showing his interest in music when he was just five years old. As a young child he used to regularly go to the Bihariji temple to sing Bhojpuri 'Chaita'. He watched his maternal uncle practicing shehnai with great charm. Gradually, he started getting lessons in playing the instrument and he sat and practiced throughout the day. He made the river Ganges his favorite place to practice in solitude. At the age of 14, he accompanied his uncle to the Allahabad Sangeet Sammelan, where he was greatly appreciated at the end of his singing. The inauguration of All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938 proved to be a big break for him. Later his shehnai was often heard on the radio.
Bismillah Khan greeted independent India with his shehnai from the Red Fort on August 15, 1947. He traveled far and wide giving many memorable performances and won many national and international awards. He became the first Indian to perform at the prestigious Lincoln Center Hall in the United States. He also participated in the World Exhibition in Montreal, the Cannes Art Festival and the Osaka Trade Fair. The national awards presented to him include Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan. In 2001, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna. India's highest civilian honour.
Bismillah Khan loved his country very much. When he was abroad, he yearned for India. He had great affection for Dumraon and Banaras. He could not stay away from Banaras because of the river Ganges. He also found great success in the world of celluloid. He composed his music for two films. His composition 'DU Ka Khiladi Hai Tu Gaye A...' became a nationwide record-breaker. But he could not come to terms with the artificial glamor of the film world and remained a true devotee of music throughout his life.
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